Complex
This class extends ZmanimCalendar and provides many more zmanim than available in the ZmanimCalendar. The basis for most zmanim in this class are from the sefer **[Yisroel
Vehazmanim](https://hebrewbooks.org/9765)** by Rabbi Yisrael Dovid Harfenes. As an example of the number of different zmanim made available by this class, there are methods to return 18 different calculations for alos (dawn), 18 for plag hamincha and 29 for tzais available in this API. The real power of this API is the ease in calculating zmanim that are not part of the library. The methods for zmanim calculations not present in this class or it's superclass ZmanimCalendar are contained in the AstronomicalCalendar, the base class of the calendars in our API since they are generic methods for calculating time based on degrees or time before or after sunrise and sunset and are of interest for calculation beyond zmanim calculations. Here are some examples.
First create the Calendar for the location you would like to calculate:
String locationName = "Lakewood, NJ";
double latitude = 40.0828; // Lakewood, NJ
double longitude = -74.2094; // Lakewood, NJ
double elevation = 20; // optional elevation correction in Meters
// the String parameter in timeZone has to be a valid timezone listed in
// [java.util.TimeZone.getAvailableIDs]
TimeZone timeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/New_York");
GeoLocation location = new GeoLocation(locationName, latitude, longitude, elevation, timeZone);
ComplexZmanimCalendar czc = new ComplexZmanimCalendar(location);
// Optionally set the date or it will default to today's date
czc.calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.FEBRUARY);
czc.calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 8);Note: For locations such as Israel where the beginning and end of daylight savings time can fluctuate from year to year, if your version of Java does not have an up to date timezone database, create a java.util.SimpleTimeZone with the known start and end of DST. To get alos calculated as 14 below the horizon (as calculated in the calendars published in Montreal), add AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH (90) to the 14 offset to get the desired time:
Date alos14 = czc.getSunriseOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + 14);
To get mincha gedola calculated based on the Magen Avraham (MGA) using a shaah zmanis based on the day starting 16.1 below the horizon (and ending 16.1 after sunset) the following calculation can be used:
Date minchaGedola = czc.getTimeOffset(czc.getAlos16point1Degrees(), czc.getShaahZmanis16Point1Degrees() * 6.5);
or even simpler using the included convenience methods
Date minchaGedola = czc.getMinchaGedola(czc.getAlos16point1Degrees(), czc.getShaahZmanis16Point1Degrees());
A little more complex example would be calculating zmanim that rely on a shaah zmanis that is not present in this library. While a drop more complex, it is still rather easy. An example would be to calculate the Trumas Hadeshen's alos to tzais based plag hamincha as calculated in the Machzikei Hadass calendar in Manchester, England. A number of this calendar's zmanim are calculated based on a day starting at alos of 12 before sunrise and ending at tzais of 7.083 after sunset. Be aware that since the alos and tzais do not use identical degree-based offsets, this leads to chatzos being at a time other than the solar transit (solar midday). To calculate this zman, use the following steps. Note that plag hamincha is 10.75 hours after the start of the day, and the following steps are all that it takes.
Date plag = czc.getPlagHamincha(czc.getSunriseOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + 12), czc.getSunsetOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + ZENITH_7_POINT_083));
Something a drop more challenging, but still simple, would be calculating a zman using the same "complex" offset day used in the above mentioned Manchester calendar, but for a shaos zmaniyos based zman not supported by this library, such as calculating the point that one should be makpid not to eat on erev Shabbos or erev Yom Tov. This is 9 shaos zmaniyos into the day.
Calculate the shaah zmanis in milliseconds for this day
Add 9 of these shaos zmaniyos to alos starting at 12
long shaahZmanis = czc.temporalHour(czc.getSunriseOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + 12), czc.getSunsetOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + ZENITH_7_POINT_083)); Date sofZmanAchila = getTimeOffset(czc.getSunriseOffsetByDegrees([AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH] + 12), shaahZmanis * 9);
Calculating this sof zman achila according to the GRA is simplicity itself.
Date sofZamnAchila = czc.getTimeOffset(czc.getSunrise(), czc.getShaahZmanisGra() * 9);
Documentation from the ZmanimCalendar parent class
{@inheritDoc}Author
Eliyahu Hershfeld 2004 - 2023
Constructors
Properties
An unsorted list of all opinions for the length of a sha'ah zmanis (given the time and place this class holds).
An unsorted list of all zmanim this class exposes. Zmanim are only computed when list is accessed.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns alos (dawn) calculated using 120 minutes before sea level sunrise based on the time to walk the distance of 5 Mil(Ula) at 24 minutes a Mil.
This method should be used lechumra only and method returns alos (dawn) calculated using 120 minutes zmaniyos or 1/6th of the day before sunrise or seaLevelSunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting). This is based on a 24-minute Mil so the time for 5 Mil is 120 minutes which is 1/6th of a day (12 * 60 / 6 = 120). The day is calculated from sea level sunrise to seaLevelSunrise or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation. The actual calculation used is sunrise - (shaahZmanisGra * 2). Since this time is extremely early, it should only be used lechumra, such as not eating after this time on a fast day, and not as the start time for mitzvos that can only be performed during the day.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated when the sun is ZENITH_16_POINT_1 below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise.
A method to return alos (dawn) calculated when the sun is 18˚ below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise.
A method to return alos (dawn) calculated when the sun is 19˚ below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise. Sources:
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated when the sun is 19.8˚ below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise. This calculation is based on the same calculation of 90 minutes but uses a degree-based calculation instead of 90 exact minutes. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 90 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which calculates to 19.8 below geometric zenith.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns alos (dawn) calculated when the sun is ZENITH_26_DEGREES below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise. This calculation is based on the same calculation of 120 minutes but uses a degree-based calculation instead of 120 exact minutes. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 120 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which calculates to 26 below geometric zenith.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated as 60 minutes before sunrise.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 72 minutes before sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting). This time is based on the time to walk the distance of 4 Mil at 18 minutes a Mil. The 72 minute time (but not the concept of fixed minutes) is based on the opinion that the time of the Neshef (twilight between dawn and sunrise) does not vary by the time of year or location but depends on the time it takes to walk the distance of 4 Mil.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 72 minutes zmaniyos or 1/10th of the day before sunrise.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 90 minutes before sea level based on the time to walk the distance of 4 Mil at 22.5 minutes a Mil.
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 90 minutes zmaniyos or 1/8th of the day before sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 96 minutes before sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting) that is based on the time to walk the distance of 4 Mil at 24 minutes a Mil.
This method returns alos (dawn) calculated using 96 minutes zmaniyos or 1/7.5th of the day before sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
Returns the Baal Hatanya 's alos (dawn) calculated as the time when the sun is 16.9 below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise. For more information the source of 16.9 see ZENITH_16_POINT_9.
Returns alos (dawn) based on the time when the sun is 16.1˚ below the eastern geometric horizon before sunrise. This is based on the calculation that the time between dawn and sunrise (and sunset to nightfall) is 72 minutes, the time that is takes to walk 4 mil at 18 minutes a mil (Rambam and others). The sun's position at 72 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem on the [around the equinox /
The internal AstronomicalCalculator used for calculating solar based times. A method to set the AstronomicalCalculator used for astronomical calculations. The Zmanim package ships with a number of different implementations of the abstract AstronomicalCalculator based on different algorithms, including the default com.kosherjava.zmanim.util.NOAACalculator based on NOAA's implementation of Jean Meeus's algorithms as well as [] based on the US * Naval Observatory's algorithm,. This allows easy runtime switching and comparison of different algorithms.
The offset in minutes after sunset used to calculate tzais based on the calculations of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah calculations. The default value is 40 minutes. This affects most zmanim, since almost all zmanim use subset as part of their calculation.
Method to return the beginning of bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam calculated when the sun is 13.24˚ below the western geometric horizon (90) after sunset. This calculation is based on the same calculation of bain hashmashos Rabbeinu Tam 58.5 minutes but uses a degree-based calculation instead of 58.5 exact minutes. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 58.5 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which calculates to 13.24 below geometric zenith. NOTE: As per Yisrael Vehazmanim Vol. III page 1028, No. 50, a dip of slightly less than 13 should be used. Calculations show that the proper dip to be 13.2456 (truncated to 13.24 that provides about 1.5 second earlier (lechumra) time) below the horizon at that time. This makes a difference of 1 minute and 10 seconds in Jerusalem during the Equinox, and 1 minute 29 seconds during the solstice as compared to the proper 13.24 versus 13. For NY during the solstice, the difference is 1 minute 56 seconds.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos based on the calculation of 13.5 minutes (3/4 of an 18-minute Mil) before shkiah calculated as 7.083˚.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam calculated according to the opinion of the Divrei Yosef (see Yisrael Vehazmanim) calculated 5/18th (27.77%) of the time between alos (calculated as 19.8 before sunrise) and sunrise. This is added to sunset to arrive at the time for bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam.
This method returns the beginning of Bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam calculated as a 58.5 minute offset after sunset. bain hashmashos is 3/4 of a Mil before tzais or 3 1/4 Mil after sunset. With a Mil calculated as 18 minutes, 3.25 * 18 = 58.5 minutes.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 13.5 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 16.875 minutes or 3/4 of a 22.5-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 18 minutes or 3/4 of a 24-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's position 2.1 above the horizon around the equinox / equilux in Yerushalayim, its position 13.5 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of bainHashmashosYereim3Point05Degrees.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's position 2.8 above the horizon around the equinox / equilux, its position 16.875 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of bainHashmashosYereim3Point05Degrees.
This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's position 3.05 above the horizon around the equinox / equilux, its position 18 minutes or 3/4 of a 24-minute mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset, and tzais /nightfall starts at sunset. Note that lechumra (of about 14 seconds) a refraction value of 0.5166 as opposed to the traditional 0.566 is used. This is more inline with the actual refraction in Eretz Yisrael and is brought down by Rabbi Yedidya Manet in his Zmanei Halacha Lema’aseh (p. 11). That is the first source that I am aware of that calculates degree-based Yereim zmanim. The 0.5166 refraction is also used by the Luach Itim Lebinah. Calculating the Yereim's bain hashmashos using 18-minute based degrees is also suggested in the upcoming 8th edition of the zmanim Kehilchasam. For more details, see the article The Yereim’s Bein Hashmashos.
A method that returns the beginning of astronomical twilight using a zenith of .ASTRONOMICAL_ZENITH.
A method that returns the beginning of civil twilight (dawn) using a zenith of .CIVIL_ZENITH.
A method that returns the beginning of nautical twilight using a zenith of NAUTICAL_ZENITH.
A method to return candle lighting time, calculated as .getCandleLightingOffset minutes before sea level sunset. This will return the time for any day of the week, since it can be used to calculate candle lighting time for Yom Tov (mid-week holidays) as well. Elevation adjustments are intentionally not performed by this method, but you can calculate it by passing the elevation adjusted sunset to .getTimeOffset.
The default Shabbos candle lighting offset is 18 minutes. This can be changed via the candleLightingOffset and retrieved by the candleLightingOffset.
This method returns chatzos (midday) following most opinions that chatzos is the midpoint between sea level sunrise and sea level sunset. A day starting at alos and ending at tzais using the same time or degree offset will also return the same time. The returned value is identical to sunTransit. In reality due to lengthening or shortening of day, this is not necessarily the exact midpoint of the day, but it is very close.
A method that returns the end of astronomical twilight using a zenith of .ASTRONOMICAL_ZENITH.
A method that returns the end of civil twilight using a zenith of .CIVIL_ZENITH.
A method that returns the end of nautical twilight using a zenith of .NAUTICAL_ZENITH.
A method that returns the local time for fixed chatzos. This time is noon and midnight adjusted from standard time to account for the local latitude. The 360 of the globe divided by 24 calculates to 15 per hour with 4 minutes per degree, so at a longitude of 0 , 15, 30 etc... Chatzos is at exactly 12:00 noon. This is the time of chatzos according to the Aruch Hashulchan in Orach Chaim 233:14 and Rabbi Moshe Feinstein in Igros Moshe Orach Chaim 1:24 and 2:20. Lakewood, N.J., with a longitude of -74.2094, is 0.7906 away from the closest multiple of 15 at -75. This is multiplied by 4 to yield 3 minutes and 10 seconds for a chatzos of 11:56:50. This method is not tied to the theoretical 15 timezones, but will adjust to the actual timezone and Daylight saving time.
the GeoLocation used for calculations.
Is elevation factored in for some zmanim (see isUseElevation for additional information).
The Java Calendar encapsulated by this class to track the current date used by the class
This method returns the latest mincha gedola,the earliest time one can pray mincha that is 6.5 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting), according to the GRA. Mincha gedola is the earliest time one can pray mincha. The Ramba"m is of the opinion that it is better to delay mincha until .getMinchaKetana while the Ra"sh, Tur, GRA and others are of the opinion that mincha can be prayed lechatchila starting at mincha gedola. The day is calculated from sea level sunrise to sea level or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
This method returns the time of mincha gedola according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting and ending 16.1 below the horizon. This is the earliest time to pray mincha. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 6.5 solar hours after alos. The calculation used is 6.5 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos.
This method returns mincha gedola calculated as 30 minutes after chatzos and not 1/2 of a shaah zmanis after *chatzoschatzos as calculated by minchaGedola.
This method returns the time of mincha gedola according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is the earliest time to pray mincha. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 6.5 solar hours after alos. The calculation used is 6.5 * shaahZmanis72Minutes after alos.
This method returns the time of mincha gedola based on the opinion of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Hillel as published in the luach of the Bais Horaah of Yeshivat Chevrat Ahavat Shalom.
This method returns the time of mincha gedola based on the calculation of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah, that the day starts 1/10th of the day before sunrise and is usually calculated as ending 40 minutes after sunset (configurable to any offset via .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset). This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 6.5 solar hours after alos. The calculation used is 6.5 * shaahZmanisAteretTorah after alos.
This method returns the time of mincha gedola. Mincha gedola is the earliest time one can pray mincha. The Rambam is of the opinion that it is better to delay mincha until .getMinchaKetanaBaalHatanya while the Ra"sh, Tur, GRA and others are of the opinion that mincha can be prayed lechatchila starting at mincha gedola. This is calculated as 6.5 sea level solar hours after netz amiti (sunrise). This calculation is based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 6.5
This is a convenience method that returns the later of minchaGedolaBaalHatanya and minchaGedola30Minutes. In the winter when 1/2 of a shaah zmanis is less than 30 minutes minchaGedola30Minutes will be returned, otherwise minchaGedolaBaalHatanya will be returned.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of mincha gedola, the earliest time one can pray mincha GRA that is 30 minutes after fixed.
This is a convenience method that returns the later of minchaGedola and minchaGedola30Minutes. In the winter when 1/2 of a shaah zmanis is less than 30 minutes minchaGedola30Minutes will be returned, otherwise minchaGedola will be returned.
This method returns mincha ketana,the preferred earliest time to pray mincha in the opinion of the Rambam and others, that is 9.5
This method returns the time of mincha ketana according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting and ending 16.1 below the horizon. This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 9.5 solar hours after alos. The calculation used is 9.5 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos.
This method returns the time of mincha ketana according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 9.5 shaahZmanis72Minutes after alos. The calculation used is 9.5 * shaahZmanis72Minutes after alos.
This method returns the time of mincha ketana based on the opinion of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Hillel as published in the luach of the Bais Horaah of Yeshivat Chevrat Ahavat Shalom that mincha ketana is calculated as 2.5 shaos zmaniyos before tzais 3.8˚ with shaos zmaniyos calculated based on a day starting at alos 16.1˚ and ending at tzais 3.8. Mincha ketana is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaKetana.
This method returns the time of mincha ketana based on the calculation of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah, that the day starts 1/10th of the day before sunrise and is usually calculated as ending 40 minutes after sunset (configurable to any offset via .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset). This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedola. This is calculated as 9.5 solar hours after alos. The calculation used is 9.5 * shaahZmanisAteretTorah after alos.
This method returns the time of mincha ketana. This is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha in the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information on this see the documentation on .getMinchaGedolaBaalHatanya. This is calculated as 9.5 sea level solar hours after netz amiti (sunrise). This calculation is calculated based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 9.5 * shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after sunriseBaalHatanya.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of mincha ketana (the preferred time to recite the mincha prayers according to the opinion of the Rambam and others) calculated according to the GRA that is 3.5 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after fixed local chatzos.
This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is 10.2˚ below geometric zenith (90). This calculation is used for calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 45 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem around the equinox which calculates to 10.2 below geometric zenith.
This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is 11˚ below geometric zenith (90). This calculation is used for calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 48 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which calculates to 11 below geometric zenith.
This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is 11.5˚ below geometric zenith (90). This calculation is used for calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 52 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which calculates to 11.5 below geometric zenith.
This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is 7.65˚ below geometric zenith (90). The degrees are based on a 35/36 minute zman around the equinox / equilux, when the neshef (twilight) is the shortest.
This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is 9.5˚ below geometric zenith (90).
This method returns the time of plag hamincha (the earliest time that Shabbos can be started) based on the opinion of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Hillel as published in the luach of the Bais Horaah of Yeshivat Chevrat Ahavat Shalom that that plag hamincha is calculated as 1.25 shaos zmaniyos before tzais 3.8˚ with shaos zmaniyos calculated based on a day starting at alos 16.1˚ and ending at tzais 3.8.
This method returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 16.1˚ and ends at tzais. 10.75 shaos zmaniyos are calculated based on this day and added to to reach this time. This time is 10.75 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after dawn based on the opinion that the day is calculated from a dawn of 16.1 degrees before sunrise to tzais . This returns the time of 10.75 * the calculated shaah zmanis after dawn.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 16.1˚ and ends at sunset. 10.75 shaos zmaniyos are calculated based on this day and added to alos to reach this time. This time is 10.75 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after alos16Point1Degrees based on the opinion that the day is calculated from a dawn of 16.1 degrees before sunrise to sea level sunset. This returns the time of 10.75 * the calculated shaah zmanis after dawn. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method returns plag hamincha, that is 10.75 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting), according to the GRA. Plag hamincha is the earliest time that Shabbos can be started. The day is calculated from sea level sunrise to sea level or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha according to the Magen Avraham (MGA).
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on sunrise being 120 minutes zmaniyos or 1/6th of the day before sunrise. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis120MinutesZmanis after dawn. Since the zman based on an extremely early alos and a very late tzais, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 16.1˚ and ends at . This is calculated as 10.75 hours zmaniyos after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos16Point1Degrees. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 18˚ and ends at tzais18Degrees. This is calculated as 10.75 hours zmaniyos after . The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis18Degrees after . Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 19.8˚ and ends at tzais19Point8Degrees. This is calculated as 10.75 hours zmaniyos after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis19Point8Degrees after alos19Point8Degrees. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 26˚ and ends at tzais26Degrees. This is calculated as 10.75 hours zmaniyos after . The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis26Degrees after . Since the zman based on an extremely early alos and a very late tzais, it should only be used lechumra.
This method returns the time of plag hamincha according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 60 minutes before sunrise and ending 60 minutes after sunset. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 shaahZmanis60Minutes after alos60.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 shaahZmanis72Minutes after alos72. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after alos72Zmanis. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis72MinutesZmanis after dawn. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 90 minutes before sunrise and ending 90 minutes after sunset. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 shaahZmanis90Minutes after alos90. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis90MinutesZmanis after dawn. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha according to the Magen Avraham with the day starting 96 minutes before sunrise and ending 96 minutes after sunset. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 shaahZmanis96Minutes after alos96. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns the time of plag hamincha. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after dawn. The formula used is 10.75 * shaahZmanis96MinutesZmanis after dawn. Since plag by this calculation can occur after sunset, it should only be used lechumra.
This method returns the time of plag hamincha based on the calculation of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah, that the day starts 1/10th of the day before sunrise and is usually calculated as ending 40 minutes after sunset (configurable to any offset via .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset). shaos zmaniyos are calculated based on this day and added to alos to reach this time. This time is 10.75 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after dawn.
This method returns the time of plag hamincha. This is calculated as 10.75 hours after sunrise. This calculation is based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 10.75 * shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after netz amiti (sunrise).
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of plag hamincha. This method returns plag hamincha calculated according to the GRA that the day ends at sunset and is 4.75 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after fixed local chatzos.
A method for calculating samuch lemincha ketana, / near mincha ketana time that is half an hour before minchaGedola16Point1Degrees or 9 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using a day starting and ending 16.1 below the horizon. This is the time that eating or other activity can't begin prior to praying mincha. The calculation used is 9 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos 16.1˚. See the Mechaber and Mishna Berurah 232.
A method for calculating samuch lemincha ketana, / near mincha ketana time that is half an hour before minchaKetana72Minutes or 9 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using a day starting 72 minutes before sunrise and ending 72 minutes after sunset. This is the time that eating or other activity can't begin prior to praying mincha. The calculation used is 9 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos 16.1˚. See the Mechaber and Mishna Berurah 232.
A method for calculating samuch lemincha ketana, / near mincha ketana time that is half an hour before .getMinchaKetana or is 9 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting), calculated according to the GRA using a day starting at sunrise and ending at sunset. This is the time that eating or other activity can't begin prior to praying mincha. The calculation used is 9 * shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after alos. See the [Mechaber and Mishna Berurah
A method that returns the sunrise without elevation. Non-sunrise and sunset calculations such as dawn and dusk, depend on the amount of visible light, something that is not affected by elevation. This method returns sunrise calculated at sea level. This forms the base for dawn calculations that are calculated as a dip below the horizon before sunrise.
A method that returns the sunset without elevation. Non-sunrise and sunset calculations such as dawn and dusk, depend on the amount of visible light, something that is not affected by elevation. This method returns sunset calculated at sea level. This forms the base for dusk calculations that are calculated as a dip below the horizon after sunset.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a dip of 120 minutes. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 120 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a dip of 16.1. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a 18 dip. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a 19.8 dip. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a dip of 26. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (solar hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA). This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (solar hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA). This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a dip of 90 minutes. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 90 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated using a dip of 96 minutes. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 96 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the MGA that the day runs from dawn to dusk.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) used by some zmanim according to the opinion of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Hillel as published in the luach of the Bais Horaah of Yeshivat Chevrat Ahavat Shalom.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) used by some zmanim according to the opinion of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Hillel as published in the luach of the Bais Horaah of Yeshivat Chevrat Ahavat Shalom.
Method to return a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah.
A method that returns the Baal Hatanya's a shaah zmanis (temporal hour). This forms the base for the Baal Hatanya's day based calculations that are calculated as a 1.583 dip below the horizon after sunset. According to the Baal Hatanya, shkiah amiti, true (halachic) sunset, is when the top of the sun's disk disappears from view at an elevation similar to the mountains of Eretz Yisrael. This time is calculated as the point at which the center of the sun's disk is 1.583 degrees below the horizon. A method that returns a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) calculated based on the Baal Hatanya's netz amiti and shkiah amiti using a dip of 1.583 below the sea level horizon. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day runs from netz amiti to shkiah amiti. The calculations are based on a day from sunriseBaalHatanya to sea level shkiah amiti. The day is split into 12 equal parts with each one being a shaah zmanis. This method is similar to , but all calculations are based on a sea level sunrise and sunset.
A method that returns a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the GRA. This calculation divides the day based on the opinion of the GRA that the day runs from sea level sunrise to sea level sunset or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting). The day is split into 12 equal parts with each one being a shaah zmanis. This method is similar to temporalHour, but can account for elevation.
A method that returns a shaah zmanis (temporal hour) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on a 72 minutes alos and tzais. This calculation divides the day that runs from dawn to dusk (for sof zman krias shema and tfila). Dawn for this calculation is 72 minutes before sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) and dusk is 72 minutes after sunset or sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting). This day is split into 12 equal parts with each part being a shaah zmanis. Alternate methods of calculating a shaah zmanis according to the Magen Avraham (MGA) are available in the subclass ComplexZmanimCalendar.
This method returns the latest time one is allowed eating chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of the Baal Hatanya. This time is identical to the Sof zman tfilah. This time is 4 hours into the day based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 4 shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after netz amiti (sunrise).
This method returns the latest time one is allowed eating chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of theGRA. This time is identical to the sofZmanTfilaGRA and is provided as a convenience method for those who are unaware how this zman is calculated. This time is 4 hours into the day based on the opinion of the GRA that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 4 * shaahZmanisGra after sea level sunrise.
This method returns the latest time one is allowed eating chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of theMagen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 16.1˚ before sunrise. This time is 4 (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 16.1 below sunrise or sunset. This returns the time of 4 shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after dawn.
This method returns the latest time one is allowed eating chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes before sunrise. This time is identical to the Sof zman tfilah MGA 72 minutes. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 72 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanisMGA after dawn.
This method returns the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of the Baal Hatanya. This time is 5 hours into the day based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 5 * shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after netz amiti (sunrise).
This method returns the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 16.1˚ before sunrise. This time is 5 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 16.1 below sunrise or sunset. This returns the time of 5 shaahZmanis16Point1Degrees after dawn.
This method returns the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes before sunrise. This time is 5 shaahZmanisMGA (temporal hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes before sunrise to of 72 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 5 * shaahZmanisMGA after dawn.
Returns the latest time of Kiddush Levana calculated as 15 days after the molad. This is the opinion of the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 426). It should be noted that some opinions hold that the Rema who brings down the opinion of the Maharil's of calculating half way between molad and molad is of the opinion that the Mechaber agrees to his opinion. Also see the Aruch Hashulchan. For additional details on the subject, See Rabbi Dovid Heber's very detailed write-up in Siman Daled (chapter 4) of [Shaarei
Returns the latest time of Kiddush Levana according to the Maharil's opinion that it is calculated as halfway between molad and molad. This adds half the 29 days, 12 hours and 793 chalakim time between molad and molad (14 days, 18 hours, 22 minutes and 666 milliseconds) to the month's molad. The sof zman Kiddush Levana will be returned even if it occurs during the day. To limit the time to between tzais and alos, see JewishCalendar.sofZmanKidushLevanaBetweenMoldos.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) calculated as 3 hours (regular clock hours and not sha'os zmaniyos) before ZmanimCalendar.chatzos.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 16.1˚ and ends at sea level sunset.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) based on the opinion that the day starts at alos 16.1˚ and ends at tzais 7.083˚.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) based on the calculation of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah, that the day starts 1/10th of the day before sunrise and is usually calculated as ending 40 minutes after sunset (configurable to any offset via .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset). shaos zmaniyos are calculated based on this day and added to alos to reach this time. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after alos 72 zmaniyos. **Note: ** Based on this calculation chatzos will not be at midday.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning). This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after netz amiti (sunrise) based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 3 * shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after netz amiti (sunrise).
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite shema in the morning) that is 3 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting), according to the GRA. The day is calculated from sea level sunrise to sea level or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman krias shema (latest time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the GRA that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at sunrise and ends at fixed local chatzosfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof zman Shema is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or half of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite shema in the morning) that is 3 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after alos72, according to the Magen Avraham (MGA). The day is calculated from 72 minutes before sea level sunrise to 72 minutes after seaLevelSunrise or from 72 minutes before sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 120 minutes or 1/6th of the day before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 120 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 120 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 3 shaahZmanis120Minutes after dawn. This is an extremely early zman that is very much a chumra.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 16.1˚ before sunrise.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman krias shema (latest time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at alos defined as 16.1˚ and ends at fixed localfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof Zman Shema is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after this alos or half of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 18˚ before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 18 below sunrise or sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis18Degrees after dawn.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman krias shema (latest time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at alos defined as 18˚ and ends at fixed localfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof Zman Shema is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after alos or half of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 19.8˚ before sunrise.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes before sunrise. This time is 3 shaahZmanis72Minutes (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 72 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis72Minutes after dawn.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman krias shema (latest time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at alos defined as 72 minutes before sunrise and ends at fixed local chatzosfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof Zman Shema is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after this alos or half of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes zmaniyos, or 1/10th of the day before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes zmaniyos, or 1/10th of the day before sea level sunrise to nightfall of 72 minutes zmaniyos after sea level sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis72MinutesZmanis after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 90 minutes before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 90 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 90 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis90Minutes after dawn.
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman krias shema (latest time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at alos defined as 90 minutes before sunrise and ends at fixed local chatzosfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof Zman Shema is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after this alos or half of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 90 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a alos90Zmanis of 90 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise to nightfall of 90 minutes zmaniyos after sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis90MinutesZmanis after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 96 minutes before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 96 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 96 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis96Minutes after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 96 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This time is 3 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a alos96Zmanis of 96 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise to nightfall of 96 minutes zmaniyos after sunset. This returns the time of 3 * shaahZmanis96MinutesZmanis after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) calculated as 2 hours before ZmanimCalendar.getChatzos. This is based on the opinions that calculate sof zman krias shema as sofZmanShma3HoursBeforeChatzos. This returns the time of 2 hours before ZmanimCalendar.getChatzos.
This method returns the latest zman tfilah (time to recite the morning prayers). This time is 4 hours into the day based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset. This returns the time 4 * shaahZmanisBaalHatanya after netz amiti (sunrise).
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite shema in the morning) that is 4 * *shaos zmaniyos* solar hours after sunrise or sea level sunrise (depending on the isUseElevation setting), according to the GRA. The day is calculated from sea level sunrise to sea level or sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
This method returns Rav Moshe Feinstein's opinion of the calculation of sof zman tfila (zman tfilah (the latest time to recite the morning prayers)) according to the opinion of the GRA that the day is calculated from sunrise to sunset, but calculated using the first half of the day only. The half a day starts at sunrise and ends at fixed local chatzosfixedLocalChatzos]. Sof zman tefila is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after sunrise or 2/3 of this half-day.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) based on the calculation of Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah, that the day starts 1/10th of the day before sunrise and is usually calculated as ending 40 minutes (configurable to any offset via setting ateretTorahSunsetOffset).
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite shema in the morning) that is 4 * shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after alos72, according to the Magen Avraham (MGA). The day is calculated from 72 minutes before sea level sunrise to 72 minutes after or from 72 minutes before sunrise to sunset (depending on the isUseElevation setting).
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 120 minutes before sunrise . This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 120 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 120 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis120Minutes after dawn. This is an extremely early zman that is very much a chumra.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 16.1˚ before sunrise.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 18˚ before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from dawn to nightfall with both being 18 below sunrise or sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis18Degrees after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 19.8˚ before sunrise.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 72 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis72Minutes after dawn. This class returns an identical time to sofZmanTfilaMGA and is repeated here for clarity.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 72 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 72 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise to nightfall of 72 minutes zmaniyos after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis72MinutesZmanis after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 90 minutes before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 90 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 90 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis90Minutes after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 90 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 90 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise to nightfall of 90 minutes zmaniyos after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis90MinutesZmanis after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to recite the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 96 minutes before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 96 minutes before sunrise to nightfall of 96 minutes after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis96Minutes after dawn.
This method returns the latest zman tfila (time to the morning prayers) according to the opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos being 96 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise. This time is 4 shaos zmaniyos (solar hours) after dawn based on the opinion of the MGA that the day is calculated from a dawn of 96 minutes zmaniyos before sunrise to nightfall of 96 minutes zmaniyos after sunset. This returns the time of 4 * shaahZmanis96MinutesZmanis after dawn.
A method that returns "solar" midnight, or the time when the sun is at its nadir. Note: this method is experimental and might be removed.
The sunrise method returns an Instant representing the elevation adjusted sunrise time. The zenith used for the calculation uses geometric zenith of 90 plus AstronomicalCalculator.getElevationAdjustment. This is adjusted by the AstronomicalCalculator to add approximately 50/60 of a degree to account for 34 archminutes of refraction and 16 archminutes for the sun's radius for a total of 90.83333˚. See documentation for the specific implementation of the AstronomicalCalculator that you are using.
The getSunset method Returns a Date representing the elevation adjusted sunset time. The zenith used for the calculation uses geometric zenith of 90 plus AstronomicalCalculator.getElevationAdjustment. This is adjusted by the AstronomicalCalculator to add approximately 50/60 of a degree to account for 34 archminutes of refraction and 16 archminutes for the sun's radius for a total of 90.83333˚. See documentation for the specific implementation of the AstronomicalCalculator that you are using. Note: In certain cases the calculates sunset will occur before sunrise. This will typically happen when a timezone other than the local timezone is used (calculating Los Angeles sunset using a GMT timezone for example). In this case the sunset date will be incremented to the following date.
A method that returns sundial or solar noon. It occurs when the Sun is transiting the celestial meridian. The calculations used by this class depend on the AstronomicalCalculator used. If this calendar instance is astronomicalCalculator to use the com.kosherjava.zmanim.util.NOAACalculator (the default) it will calculate astronomical noon. If the calendar instance is to use the com.kosherjava.zmanim.util.SunTimesCalculator, that does not have code to calculate astronomical noon, the sun transit is calculated as halfway between sea level sunrise and sea level sunset, which can be slightly off the real transit time due to changes in declination (the lengthening or shortening day). See The Definition of Chatzos for details on the proper definition of solar noon / midday.
Returns the earliest time of Kiddush Levana according to Rabbeinu Yonah's opinion that it can be said 3 days after the molad. The time will be returned even if it occurs during the day when Kiddush Levana can't be said. Use getTchilasZmanKidushLevana3Days if you want to limit the time to night hours.
Returns the earliest time of Kiddush Levana according to the opinions that it should not be said until 7 days after the molad. The time will be returned even if it occurs during the day when Kiddush Levana can't be recited. Use getTchilasZmanKidushLevana7Days if you want to limit the time to night hours.
A method that returns an elevation adjusted temporal (solar) hour. The day from sunrise to sunset is split into 12 equal parts with each one being a temporal hour.
A method that returns tzais (nightfall) when the sun is 8.5˚ below the geometric horizon (90) after sunset, a time that Rabbi Meir Posen in his the Ohr Meir calculated that 3 small stars are visible, which is later than the required 3 medium stars. See the ZENITH_8_POINT_5 constant.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns tzais (nightfall) based on the calculations of Rav Chaim Naeh that the time to walk the distance of a Mil according to the Rambam's opinion is 2/5 of an hour (24 minutes) for a total of 120 minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated tzais as 5 Mil after sea level shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation uses degree-based calculations based on this 120 minute calculation. Since the zman is extremely late and at a point that is long past the 18 point where the darkest point is reached, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start of nighttime mitzvos.
This method should be used lechumra only and returns tzais (dusk) calculated using 120 minutes zmaniyos after sea level sunset. Since the zman is extremely late and at a point when the it is long past the 18 point where the darkest point is reached, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start of nighttime mitzvos.
This calculates the time of tzais at the point when the sun is 16.1 below the horizon. This is the sun's dip below the horizon 72 minutes after sunset according Rabbeinu Tam's calculation of tzais around the equinox / equilux in Jerusalem. The question of equinox VS equilux is complex, with Rabbi Meir Posen in the Ohr Meir of the opinion that the equilux should be used. See Yisrael Vehazmanim vol I, 34:1:4. Rabbi Yedidya Manet in his Zmanei Halacha Lema'aseh (4th edition part 2, pages and 22 and 24) and Rabbi Yonah Metzbuch (in a letter published by Rabbi Manet) are of the opinion that the astronomical equinox should be used. The difference adds up to about 9 seconds, too trivial to make much of a difference. For information on how this is calculated see the comments on alos16Point1Degrees.
For information on how this is calculated see the comments on alos18Degrees
For information on how this is calculated see the comments on alos19Point8Degrees
This method should be used lechumra only and returns tzais based on when the sun is 26 below the horizon.For information on how this is calculated see the comments on alos26Degrees. Since the zman is extremely late and at a point when it is long past the 18 point where the darkest point is reached, it should only be used lechumra such as delaying the start of nighttime mitzvos.
Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 50 minutes after sea level sunset. This method returns tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein for the New York area. This time should not be used for latitudes different than the NY area.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Chavas Yair and Divrei Malkiel that the time to walk the distance of a Mil is 15 minutes for a total of 60 minutes for 4 Mil after sea level sunset. See detailed documentation explaining the 60 minute concept at alos60.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of Rabbeinu Tam that tzais hakochavim is calculated as 72 minutes, the time it takes to walk 4 Mil at 18 minutes a Mil. According to the Machtzis Hashekel in Orach Chaim 235:3, the Pri Megadim in Orach Chaim 261:2 (see the Biur Halacha) and others (see Hazmanim Bahalacha 17:3 and 17:5) the 72 minutes are standard clock minutes any time of the year in any location. Depending on the isUseElevation setting) a 72 minute offset from either sunset or sea level sunset is used.
Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 72 minutes zmaniyos, or 1/10th of the day after sea level sunset. This is the way that the Minchas Cohen in Ma'amar 2:4 calculates Rebbeinu Tam's time of tzeis. It should be noted that this calculation results in the shortest time from sunset to tzais being during the winter solstice, the longest at the summer solstice and 72 clock minutes at the equinox. This does not match reality, since there is no direct relationship between the length of the day and twilight. The shortest twilight is during the equinox, the longest is during the the summer solstice, and in the winter with the shortest daylight, the twilight period is longer than during the equinoxes.
Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 90 minutes after sea level sunset. This method returns tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham that the time to walk the distance of a Mil according to the Rambam's opinion is 18 minutes for a total of 90 minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated tzais as 5 Mil after sea level shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation tzais19Point8Degrees uses solar position calculations based on this time.
Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated using 90 minutes zmaniyos or 1/8th of the day after seaLevelSunset. This time is known in Yiddish as the achtel (an eighth) zman.
A method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 96 minutes after sea level sunset. For information on how this is calculated see the comments on alos96.
Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated using 96 minutes zmaniyos or 1/7.5 of the day after sea level sunset.
This method returns tzais usually calculated as 40 minutes (configurable to any offset via .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset) after sunset. Please note that Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah who uses this time, does so only for calculating various other zmanai hayom such as Sof Zman Krias Shema and Plag Hamincha. His calendars do not publish a zman for Tzais. It should also be noted that Chacham Harari-Raful provided a 25 minute zman for Israel. This API uses 40 minutes year round in any place on the globe by default. This offset can be change by calling .setAteretTorahSunsetOffset.
A method that returns tzais (nightfall) when the sun is 6 below the western geometric horizon (90) after sunset. For information on the source of this calculation see ZENITH_6_DEGREES.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 of a Mil based on an 18 minute Mil, or 13.5 minutes. It is the sun's position at 3.676˚ below the western horizon based on the calculations of Stanley Fishkind. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated at the sun's position at 3.7˚ below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated at the sun's position at 3.8˚ below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 of a Mil based on the sun's position at 4.8˚ below the western horizon. This is based on Rabbi Leo Levi's calculations. This is the This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 of a 24-minute Mil, based on a Mil being 24 minutes, and is calculated as 18 + 2 + 4 for a total of 24 minutes. It is the sun's position at 5.88˚ below the western horizon. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated at the sun's position at 5.95˚ below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim as calculated by Rabbi Yechiel Michel Tucazinsky. It is based on of the position of the sun no later than 31 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem the height of the summer solstice and is 28 minutes after shkiah around the equinox / equilux. This computes to 6.45 below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated when the sun's position is 7.083˚ (or 7˚5′)) below the western horizon.
This method returns tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 45 minutes after sunset during the summer solstice in New York, when the neshef (twilight) is the longest.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated at the sun's position at ZENITH_8_POINT_5 below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the calculations used in the Luach Itim Lebinah as the stringent time for tzais. It is calculated at the sun's position at 9.3˚ below the western horizon.
This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 60 minutes after sunset around the equinox / equilux, the day that a solar hour is 60 minutes in New York. The sun's position at this time computes to 9.75˚ below the western horizon. This is the opinion of Rabbi Eliyahu Henkin. This also follows the opinion of Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky. Rabbi Yaakov Shakow presented these degree-based times to Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who agreed to them.
Returns the point in time of Molad. For the traditional day of week, hour, minute and chalakim, JewishCalendar.moladAsInstant and the not yet completed com.kosherjava.zmanim.hebrewcalendar.HebrewDateFormatter that will have formatting for this.
Functions
A method that creates a deep copy of the object.
A utility methos to calculate zmanim based on Rav Moshe Feinstein as calculated in MTJ, Yeshiva of Staten Island, and Camp Yeshiva of Staten Island. The day is split in two, from alos / sunrise to fixed local chatzos, and the second half of the day, from fixed local chatzos to sunset / tzais. Morning based times are calculated based on the first 6 hours, and afternoon times based on the second half of the day.
A generic method for calculating the latest mincha gedola (the earliest time to recite the mincha prayers) that is 6.5 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using the start and end of the day passed to this method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and mincha gedola is calculated as 6.5 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea level and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return mincha gedola according to the opinion of the GRA.
A generic method for calculating mincha ketana, (the preferred time to recite the mincha prayers in the opinion of the Rambam and others) that is 9.5 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using the start and end of the day passed to this method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and mincha ketana is calculated as 9.5 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return mincha ketana according to the opinion of the GRA.
A generic method for calculating plag hamincha (the earliest time that Shabbos can be started) that is 10.75 hours after the start of the day, (or 1.25 hours before the end of the day) based on the start and end of the day passed to the method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and plag hamincha is calculated as 10.75 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea level and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return plag mincha according to the opinion of the GRA.
A generic method for calculating samuch lemincha ketana, / near mincha ketana time that is half an hour before .getMinchaKetana or 9 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using the start and end of the day passed to this method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and samuch lemincha ketana is calculated as 9 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. For example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return samuch lemincha ketana according to the opinion of the GRA.
A generic utility method for calculating any shaah zmanis (temporal hour) based zman with the day defined as the start and end of day (or night) and the number of shaahos zmaniyos passed to the method. This simplifies the code in other methods such as .getPlagHamincha and cuts down on code replication. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) and 10.75 hours to this method will return plag mincha according to the opinion of the GRA.
Returns the latest time of Kiddush Levana calculated as 15 days after the molad. This is the opinion brought down in the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 426). It should be noted that some opinions hold that the Rema who brings down the opinion of the Maharil's of calculating half way between molad and molad is of the opinion that the Mechaber agrees to his opinion. Also see the Aruch Hashulchan. For additional details on the subject, see Rabbi Dovid Heber's very detailed write-up in Siman Daled (chapter 4) of Shaarei Zmanim. If the time of sof zman Kiddush Levana occurs during the day (between the alos and tzais passed in as parameters), it returns the alos passed in. If a null alos or tzais are passed to this method, the non-daytime adjusted time will be returned.
Returns the latest time of Kidush Levana according to the Maharil's opinion that it is calculated as halfway between molad and molad. This adds half the 29 days, 12 hours and 793 chalakim time between molad and molad (14 days, 18 hours, 22 minutes and 666 milliseconds) to the month's molad. If the time of sof zman Kiddush Levana occurs during the day (between the alos and tzais passed in as parameters), it returns the alos passed in. If a null alos or tzais are passed to this method, the non-daytime adjusted time will be returned.
A generic method for calculating the latest zman krias shema (time to recite shema in the morning) that is 3 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using the start and end of the day passed to this method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and the latest zman krias shema is calculated as 3 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea level sunrise and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return sof zman krias shema according to the opinion of the GRA.
A generic method for calculating the latest zman tfilah (time to recite the morning prayers) that is 4 * shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) after the start of the day, calculated using the start and end of the day passed to this method. The time from the start of day to the end of day are divided into 12 shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours), and sof zman tfila is calculated as 4 of those shaos zmaniyos after the beginning of the day. As an example, passing sunrise and sunset or sea level sunrise and sea level sunset (depending on the isUseElevation elevation setting) to this method will return zman tfilah according to the opinion of the GRA.
A utility method that returns the time of an offset by degrees below or above the horizon of sunrise. Note that the degree offset is from the vertical, so for a calculation of 14 before sunrise, an offset of 14 + AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH = 104 would have to be passed as a parameter.
Returns the dip below the horizon before sunrise that matches the offset minutes on passed in as a parameter. For example passing in 72 minutes for a calendar set to the equinox in Jerusalem returns a value close to 16.1 Please note that this method is very slow and inefficient and should NEVER be used in a loop. TODO: Improve efficiency.
A utility method that returns the time of an offset by degrees below or above the horizon of sunset. Note that the degree offset is from the vertical, so for a calculation of 14 after sunset, an offset of 14 + AstronomicalCalendar.GEOMETRIC_ZENITH = 104 would have to be passed as a parameter.
Returns the dip below the horizon after sunset that matches the offset minutes on passed in as a parameter. For example passing in 72 minutes for a calendar set to the equinox in Jerusalem returns a value close to 16.1 Please note that this method is very slow and inefficient and should NEVER be used in a loop. TODO: Improve efficiency.
A method that returns sundial or solar noon. It occurs when the Sun is transiting the celestial meridian. In this class it is calculated as halfway between the sunrise and sunset passed to this method. This time can be slightly off the real transit time due to changes in declination (the lengthening or shortening day).
Returns the earliest time of Kiddush Levana according to Rabbeinu Yonah's opinion that it can be said 3 days after the molad. If the time of tchilas zman Kiddush Levana occurs during the day (between alos and tzais passed to this method) it will return the following tzais. If null is passed for either alos or tzais, the actual tchilas zman Kiddush Levana will be returned, regardless of if it is during the day or not.
Returns the earliest time of Kiddush Levana according to the opinions that it should not be said until 7 days after the molad. If the time of tchilas zman Kiddush Levana occurs during the day (between ZmanimCalendar.getAlos72 and ZmanimCalendar.getTzais72) it return the next tzais.
A utility method that will allow the calculation of a temporal (solar) hour based on the sunrise and sunset passed as parameters to this method. An example of the use of this method would be the calculation of a non-elevation adjusted temporal hour by passing in sea level sunrise and sea level sunset as parameters.
A method that returns the sunrise in UTC time without correction for time zone offset from GMT and without using daylight savings time. Non-sunrise and sunset calculations such as dawn and dusk, depend on the amount of visible light, something that is not affected by elevation. This method returns UTC sunrise calculated at sea level. This forms the base for dawn calculations that are calculated as a dip below the horizon before sunrise.
A method that returns the sunset in UTC time without correction for elevation, time zone offset from GMT and without using daylight savings time. Non-sunrise and sunset calculations such as dawn and dusk, depend on the amount of visible light, something that is not affected by elevation. This method returns UTC sunset calculated at sea level. This forms the base for dusk calculations that are calculated as a dip below the horizon after sunset.
A method that returns the sunrise in UTC time without correction for time zone offset from GMT and without using daylight savings time.
A method that returns the sunset in UTC time without correction for time zone offset from GMT and without using daylight savings time.
This is a utility method to determine if the current Date (date-time) passed in has a melacha (work) prohibition. Since there are many opinions on the time of tzais, the tzais for the current day has to be passed to this class. Sunset is the classes current day's .getElevationAdjustedSunset that observes the isUseElevation settings. The JewishCalendar.getInIsrael will be set by the inIsrael parameter.